GATE BT 2014 Question Paper & Solutions

Verbal Aptitude

Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the following sentence. A person suffering from Alzheimer’s disease short-term memory loss.

Verbal Aptitude

Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the following sentence. ____________ is the key to their happiness; they are satisfied with what they have.

Verbal Aptitude

The solution for the following set of equations is, 5xx + 4yy + 10zz = 13 xx + 3yy + zz = 7 4xx - 2yy + zz = 0

Quantitative Aptitude

In any given year, the probability of an earthquake greater than Magnitude 6 occurring in the Garhwal Himalayas is 0.04. The average time between successive occurrences of such earthquakes is ____ years.

Quantitative Aptitude

The solution to the following set of equations is 2xx + 3yy = 4 4xx + 6yy = 0 (A) x=0, y=0 (B) x=2, y=0 (C) 4x= -6y (D) No solution

Quantitative Aptitude

In a group of four children, Som is younger to Riaz. Shiv is elder to Ansu. Ansu is youngest in the group. Which of the following statements is/are required to find the eldest child in the group? Statements 1. Shiv is younger to Riaz. 2. Shiv is elder to Som.

Quantitative Aptitude

Moving into a world of big data will require us to change our thinking about the merits of exactitude. To apply the conventional mindset of measurement to the digital, connected world of the twenty-first century is to miss a crucial point. As mentioned earlier, the obsession with exactness is an artefact of the information-deprived analog era. When data was sparse, every data point was critical, and thus great care was taken to avoid letting any point bias the analysis. From “BIG DATA” Viktor Mayer-Schonberger and Kenneth Cukier The main point of the paragraph is:

Quantitative Aptitude

The total exports and revenues from the exports of a country are given in the two pie charts below. The pie chart for exports shows the quantity of each item as a percentage of the total quantity of exports. The pie chart for the revenues shows the percentage of the total revenue generated through export of each item. The total quantity of exports of all the items is 5 lakh tonnes and the total revenues are 250 crore rupees. What is the ratio of the revenue generated through export of Item 1 per kilogram to the revenue generated through export of Item 4 per kilogram?

Quantitative Aptitude

X is 1 km northeast of Y. Y is 1 km southeast of Z. W is 1 km west of Z. P is 1 km south of W. Q is 1 km east of P. What is the distance between X and Q in km?

Quantitative Aptitude

10% of the population in a town is HIV+. A new diagnostic kit for HIV detection is available; this kit correctly identifies HIV+ individuals 95% of the time, and HIV− individuals 89% of the time. A particular patient is tested using this kit and is found to be positive. The probability that the individual is actually positive is _______

Linear Algebra

Since mammalian cells are sensitive to shear, scale-up of a mammalian cell process must consider, among other parameters, the following (given N = rotations/time, D=diameter of impeller) (A) 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋DD (B) 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋2DD (C) 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋DD2 (D) none of these

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

If an unbiased coin is tossed 10 times, the probability that all outcomes are same will be ___ x10-5

Downstream processing (chromatography, filtration)

The solution for the following set of equations is, 5𝑥𝑥+ 4𝑦𝑦+ 10𝑧𝑧= 13 𝑥𝑥+ 3𝑦𝑦+ 𝑧𝑧= 7 4𝑥𝑥−2𝑦𝑦+ 𝑧𝑧= 0

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

A bacterium belonging to cocci group has a diameter of 2 µm. The numerical value of the ratio of its surface area to volume (in µm-1) is ________

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

Which of the following essential element(s) is/are required as major supplement to enhance the bioremediation of oil spills by the resident bacteria? (A) Sulfur (B) Nitrogen and phosphorus (C) Iron (D) Carbon

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

The unit for specific substrate consumption rate in a growing culture is

Downstream processing (chromatography, filtration)

If the dissociation constant for solute-adsorbent binding is 𝐾𝐾𝐷𝐷, the retention time of the solute in a chromatography column

Microbial growth kinetics

Amino acid residue which is most likely to be found in the interior of water-soluble globular proteins is (A) Threonine (B) Aspartic acid (C) Valine (D) Histidine

Media Sterilization and Stoichiometry

The most plausible explanation for a sudden increase of the respiratory quotient (RQ) of a microbial culture is that

Cell structure and signaling

Prior exposure of plants to pathogens is known to increase resistance to future pathogen attacks. This phenomenon is known as (A) systemic acquired resistance (B) hypersensitive response (C) innate immunity (D) antibody mediated response

Bioreactor types, scale-up

Reactions between antibodies and antigens that are detected by precipitate formation in an agar gel are referred as (A) immunoprecipitation assay (B) immunodiffusion assay (C) immunoaggregation assay (D) immunofixation assay

Media Sterilization and Stoichiometry

The algorithm for BLAST is based on (A) Dynamic Programming (B) Hidden Markov Model (C) k-tuple analysis (D) Neural Network

CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing

The statistical frequency of the occurrence of a particular restriction enzyme cleavage site that is 6 bases long can be estimated to be (A) once every 24 bases (B) once every 256 bases (C) once every 1024 bases (D) once every 4096 bases

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

The reactions leading to the formation of amino acids from the TCA cycle intermediates are (A) carboxylation (B) isomerization (C) transamination (D) decarboxylation

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

The growth medium for mammalian cells contains serum. One of the major functions of serum is to stimulate cell growth and attachment. However, it must be filter sterilized to

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

The concentration profile of a chemical at a location x and time t, denoted by cc(xx, tt), changes as per the following equation, cc(xx, tt) = cc0 √2 𝜋𝜋 DD tt ee xx ee[- xx2 2 DD tt] where DD aassnn cc0 are assumed to be constant. Which of the following is correct? (A) 𝜕𝜕cc 𝜕𝜕tt = DD 𝜕𝜕2cc 𝜕𝜕xx2 (B) 𝜕𝜕cc 𝜕𝜕tt = DD 2 𝜕𝜕2cc 𝜕𝜕xx2 (C) 𝜕𝜕2cc 𝜕𝜕tt 2 = DD 𝜕𝜕2cc 𝜕𝜕xx2 (E) 𝜕𝜕2cc 𝜕𝜕tt 2 = DD 2 𝜕𝜕2cc 𝜕𝜕xx2

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

If yy = xxxx , then nnyy nnxx is (A) xxxx (xx - 1) (B) xxxx-1 (C) xxxx (1 + ggggggxx) (D) eexx (1 + ggggggxx)

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

Which of the following statements is true for the series given below? ssss = 1 + 1 √2 + 1 √3 + 1 √4 + ⋯ + 1 √ss (A) ssss converges to log(√n) (B) ssss converges to √n (C) ssss converges to exp(√n) (D) ssss diverges

DNA replication, transcription, translation

The graph of the function f(x) = x / (k1*x^2 + k2*x + 1) for 0 < x < ∞ exhibits:

Bioreactor types, scale-up

A T-flask is seeded with 105 anchorage-dependent cells. The available area of the T-flask is 25 cm2 and the volume of the medium is 25 ml. Assume that the cells are rectangles of size 5 µm × 2 µm. If the cells grow to monolayer confluence after 50 h, the growth rate in number of cells/(cm2.h) is ____ x105. BT (GATE 2014) -1 BIOTECHNOLOGY - BT

Bioreactor types, scale-up

Consider a continuous culture provided with a sterile feed containing 10 mM glucose. The steady state cell density and substrate concentration at three different dilution rates are given in the table below. Dilution rate (h-1) Cell density (g L-1) Substrate concentration (mM) Q.05 0.248 0.067 Q.5 0.208 1.667 5 0 10 The maximum specific growth rate µm (in h-1), will be _____.

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

Cholera toxin increases cAMP levels by

Recombinant DNA technology

Triose phosphate isomerase converts dihydroxy acetone phosphate (DHAP) to glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate (G-3-P) in a reversible reaction. At 298 K and pH 7.0, the equilibrium mixture contains 40 mM DHAP and 4 mM G -3-P. Assume that the reaction started with 44 mM DHAP and no G-3-P. The standard free-energy change in kJ/mol for the formation of G -3-P [R = 8.315 J/mol.K] is _________.

CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing

The plasmid DNA was subjected to restriction digestion using the enzyme EcoRI and analysed on an agarose gel. Assuming digestion has worked (the enzyme was active), match the identity of the DNA bands shown in the image in Group I with their identity in Group II. Group I Group II P. Bands labeled as A 1. Nicked Q. Band lab eled as B 2. Supercoiled R. Band labeled as C 3. Concatemers S. Band labeled as D 4. Linear (A) P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4 (B) P-1, Q-4, R-3, S-2 (C) P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2 (D) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3 BT (GATE 2014) -1 BIOTECHNOLOGY - BT

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

In a relatively large but finite and closed population of sexually reproducing diploid organisms, the frequency of homozygous genotype PP changes from 0.40 to 0.50 and that of pp changes from 0.40 to 0.41 in a span of 10 generations. Which of the following is the most likely cause for the above change in frequency of the PP genotype? (A) Non-random mating (B) Random genetic drift (C) Selection (D) Combination of non-random mating and random genetic drift

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

The concentration profile of a chemical at a location x and time t, denoted by 𝑐𝑐(𝑥𝑥, 𝑡𝑡), changes as per the following equation, 𝑐𝑐(𝑥𝑥, 𝑡𝑡) = 𝑐𝑐0 √2 𝜋𝜋 𝐷𝐷 𝑡𝑡 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒[−𝑥𝑥2 2 𝐷𝐷 𝑡𝑡] where 𝐷𝐷 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑐𝑐0 are assumed to be constant. Which of the following is correct?

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

Consider a population of 10,000 individuals, of which 2500 are homozygotes (PP) and 3000 are heterozygotes (Pp) genotype. The frequency of allele p in the population is _________ .

Mass transfer in bioprocesses (kLa)

Match the following photoreceptors with their prosthetic groups and spectral specificity Photoreceptor Moiety that absorbs light Absorption (nm) P. Phototropin 1. Chromobilin a. 400-500 Q. Cryptochrome 2. FAD b. 600-800 R. Phytochrome 3. FMN c. 500-600 (A) P-3-a, Q-2-a, R-1-b (B) P-1-b, Q-1-a, R-3-b (C) P-3-a, Q-1-a, R-1-c (D) P-2-c, Q-1-c, R-1-a

Mass transfer in bioprocesses (kLa)

Match the following plant sources with their secondary metabolites and medical uses Source plant Secondary metabolites Medical use P. Belladona 1. Menthol a. Cancer treatment Q. Foxglove 2. Atropine b. Heart disease R. Pacific yew 3. Digitalin c. Eye examination S. Eucalyptus 4. Taxol d. Cough (A) P-2-c, Q-3-b, R-4-a, S-1-d (B) P-3-c, Q-2-a, R-1-d, S-4-b (C) P-2-c, Q-4-b, R-1-a, S-3-d (D) P-1-b, Q-4-c, R-2-d, S-3-a

Cell structure and signaling

A T-flask is seeded with 105 anchorage-dependent cells. The available area of the T-flask is 25 cm2 and the volume of the medium is 25 ml. Assume that the cells are rectangles of size 5 µm × 2 µm. If the cells grow to monolayer confluence after 50 h, the growth rate in number of cells/(cm2.h) is ____ x105. BT (GATE 2014) GATE 2014 SET-1 BIOTECHNOLOGY – BT

Bioreactor types, scale-up

Consider a continuous culture provided with a sterile feed containing 10 mM glucose. The steady state cell density and substrate concentration at three different dilution rates are given in the table below. Dilution rate (h-1) Cell density (g L-1) Substrate concentration (mM) Q.05 Q.248 Q.067 Q.5 Q.208 1.667 5 0 10 The maximum specific growth rate µm (in h−1), will be _____.

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

The percentage SIMILARITIES and IDENTITIES, respectively, between the two peptide sequences given below will be ______% and _____%. Peptide I : Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg-Gln-Trp-Leu-Thr-Phe-Thr-Lys-Ile-Met-Ser-Glu Peptide II: Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Tyr-Ile-Ser-Phe-Thr-Lys-Ile-Met-Arg-Asp (A) 80, 80 (B) 80, 60 (C) 60, 60 (D) 90, 60

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

Triose phosphate isomerase converts dihydroxy acetone phosphate (DHAP) to glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate (G-3-P) in a reversible reaction. At 298 K and pH 7.0, the equilibrium mixture contains 40 mM DHAP and 4 mM G-3-P. Assume that the reaction started with 44 mM DHAP and no G-3-P. The standard free-energy change in kJ/mol for the formation of G-3-P [R = 8.315 J/mol.K] is _________.

Recombinant DNA technology

The plasmid DNA was subjected to restriction digestion using the enzyme EcoRI and analysed on an agarose gel. Assuming digestion has worked (the enzyme was active), match the identity of the DNA bands shown in the image in Group I with their identity in Group II. Group I Group II P. Bands labeled as A 1. Nicked Q. Band labeled as B 2. Supercoiled R. Band labeled as C 3. Concatemers S. Band labeled as D 4. Linear

Cell structure and signaling

Match the items in Group I with Group II Group I Group II P Receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Inactivation of G-proteins Q Cyclic GMP (cGMP) 2 Reception of insulin signal R GTPase activating protein (GAP) 3 Thyroid hormone S Nuclear receptor 4 Receptor guanylyl cyclase (A) P-1, Q-3, R-4, S-2 (B) P-2, Q-4, R-3, S-1 (C) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2 (D) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3

Cell structure and signaling

Match the immunoglobulin class in Group I with its properties in Group II Group I Group II P. IgG 1. Major antibody in external secretions such as bronchial mucus Q. IgA 2. Protects against parasites R. IgE 3. Antibody that appears first in serum after exposure to an antigen S. IgM 4. Antibody present in highest concentration in serum (A) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3 (B) P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4 (C) P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2 (D) P-1, Q-4, R-3, S-2 BT (GATE 2014) -1 BIOTECHNOLOGY - BT

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

In a genetic cross between the genotypes WWXX and wwxx, the following phenotypic distributions were observed among the F2 progeny: WX, 562; wx, 158; Wx, 38; and wX, 42. Likewise, a cross between XXYY and xxyy yielded the following results: XY, 675; xy, 175; Xy, 72; and xY, 78. Similarly, a cross between WWYY and wwyy yielded: WY, 292; wy, 88; Wy, 12; and wY, 8. In all the genotypes, capital letters denote the dominant allele. Assume that the F1 progeny were self-fertilized in all three crosses. Also, double cross-over does not occur in this species. Which of the following is correct?

Mass transfer in bioprocesses (kLa)

Match the following photoreceptors with their prosthetic groups and spectral specificity Photoreceptor Moiety that absorbs light Absorption (nm) P. Phototropin 1. Chromobilin a. 400-500 Q. Cryptochrome 2. FAD b. 600-800 R. Phytochrome 3. FMN c. 500-600

Mass transfer in bioprocesses (kLa)

Lysine is being produced in a lab-scale reactor by a threonine auxotroph. After 2 weeks of operation it was observed that the concentration of lysine in the reactor was gradually decreasing. Microbiological assays of reactor samples showed absence of contamination and recorded data showed no change in the operating conditions. The most probable reason for decrease in lysine concentration may be attributed to (A) accumulation of ethanol (B) growth of revertants (C) production of citric acid (D) unutilized phosphoenol pyruvate

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

The pungency of mustard seeds is primarily due to secondary metabolites such as isothiocyanate and nitrile. The pungency is usually felt only when the seeds are crushed. This is because of

Cell structure and signaling

In a mouse genome, the numbers of functional Vα, Jα, Vβ, Dβ, Jβ gene segments are 79, 38, 21, 2 and 11, respectively. The total number of possible combinations for αβ T cell receptors are _____x106. BT (GATE 2014) GATE 2014 SET-1 BIOTECHNOLOGY – BT

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

Which of the following statements with respect to the orientation of the nitrogenous bases to the pentose sugars, and the puckering of the sugar, is correct? (A) Anti, and 2'-endo in A form DNA (B) Anti, and 2'-endo in B form DNA (C) Syn, and 3'-endo in A form DNA (D) Syn, and 3' -endo in B form DNA

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

A dioecious plant has XX sexual genotype for female and XY for male. After double fertilization, what would be the genotype of the embryos and endosperms?

DNA replication, transcription, translation

For their efficient translation, eubacterial mRNAs possess a Shine-Dalgarno sequence for its recognition by an anti-Shine-Dalgarno sequence (ASD) in the ribosomes. The correct statement is

Cell structure and signaling

The active site in the alpha/beta barrel structures is usually located (A) inside the barrel (B) at the amino side of the strands (C) at the carboxy side of the strands (D) at any arbitrary site

Quantitative Aptitude

Match the immunoglobulin class in Group I with its properties in Group II Group I Group II P. IgG 1. Major antibody in external secretions such as bronchial mucus Q. IgA 2. Protects against parasites R. IgE 3. Antibody that appears first in serum after exposure to an antigen S. IgM 4. Antibody present in highest concentration in serum

Quantitative Aptitude

In a genetic cross between the genotypes WWXX and wwxx, the following phenotypic distributions were observed among the F2 progeny: WX, 562; wx, 158; Wx, 38; and wX, 42. Likewise, a cross between XXYY and xxyy yielded the following results: XY, 675; xy, 175; Xy, 72; and xY, 78. Similarly, a cross between WWYY and wwyy yielded: WY, 292; wy, 88; Wy, 12; and wY, 8. In all the genotypes, capital letters denote the dominant allele. Assume that the F1 progeny were self-fertilized in all three crosses. Also, double cross-over does not occur in this species. Which of the following is correct?

Quantitative Aptitude

The length of the minimum unique stretch of DNA sequence that can be found only once in a 3 billion base pairs long genome is

Analytical & Spatial Aptitude

Lysine is being produced in a lab-scale reactor by a threonine auxotroph. After 2 weeks of operation it was observed that the concentration of lysine in the reactor was gradually decreasing. Microbiological assays of reactor samples showed absence of contamination and recorded data showed no change in the operating conditions. The most probable reason for decrease in lysine concentration may be attributed to

Quantitative Aptitude

The population of a new city is 5 million and is growing at 20% annually. How many years would it take to double at this growth rate?

Analytical & Spatial Aptitude

If protoplasts are placed in distilled water, they swell and burst as a result of endosmosis. The plot representing the kinetics of burst is BT (GATE 2014) GATE 2014 SET-1 BIOTECHNOLOGY – BT

Quantitative Aptitude

Moving into a world of big data will require us to change our thinking about the merits of exactitude. To apply the conventional mindset of measurement to the digital, connected world of the twenty-first century is to miss a crucial point. As mentioned earlier, the obsession with exactness is an artefact of the information-deprived analog era. When data was sparse, every data point was critical, and thus great care was taken to avoid letting any point bias the analysis. From “BIG DATA” Viktor Mayer-Schonberger and Kenneth Cukier The main point of the paragraph is:

Quantitative Aptitude

The total exports and revenues from the exports of a country are given in the two pie charts below. The pie chart for exports shows the quantity of each item as a percentage of the total quantity of exports. The pie chart for the revenues shows the percentage of the total revenue generated through export of each item. The total quantity of exports of all the items is 5 lakh tonnes and the total revenues are 250 crore rupees. What is the ratio of the revenue generated through export of Item 1 per kilogram to the revenue generated through export of Item 4 per kilogram?

Quantitative Aptitude

X is 1 km northeast of Y. Y is 1 km southeast of Z. W is 1 km west of Z. P is 1 km south of W. Q is 1 km east of P. What is the distance between X and Q in km?

Quantitative Aptitude

10% of the population in a town is HIV+. A new diagnostic kit for HIV detection is available; this kit correctly identifies HIV+ individuals 95% of the time, and HIV− individuals 89% of the time. A particular patient is tested using this kit and is found to be positive. The probability that the individual is actually positive is _______