GATE BT 2026 Question Paper & Solutions

Verbal Aptitude

"He often _____ the numbers. False claims are not going to help. Honesty _____ trust", said the manager. Choose the option with the correct order of words to fill the blanks.

Analytical & Spatial Aptitude

In the sequence of geometric tiles, the missing tile indicated by the question mark is determined by completing the diagonal symmetry. The correct tile is:

Quantitative Aptitude

A school has 100 students distributed among 1st to 10th standards. Based on this, which one of the following statements is always correct?

Analytical & Spatial Aptitude

How many 3-digit numbers can be formed using three distinct single digit prime numbers?

Analytical & Spatial Aptitude

In a group of students, 10 students like Mathematics, 12 students like English, 4 students like both Mathematics and English, and 6 students like neither Mathematics nor English. The number of students in the group is ____

Verbal Aptitude

Charity : P :: Retaliation : Q Choose the appropriate pair of words P and Q that fit the analogy.

Analytical & Spatial Aptitude

A paper shown in Panel I is folded along the dashed lines (- - -) to construct a cube. The shaded regions shown in Panel I appear on the outer surface of the cube. Referring to cubes shown in Panel II, which one of the options is correct?

Analytical & Spatial Aptitude

Consider the cube shown below with its 8 corners labelled a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h. The figure is representative. All corners are to be colored such that any two corners that are connected by an edge must be of different colors. The minimum number of colors required to achieve this is ________

Analytical & Spatial Aptitude

Four hills H1, H2, H3, and H4 are present in an area. The following observations are made about them: i. Neither H2 nor H3 is the easternmost hill. ii. Neither H2 nor H3 is the westernmost hill. iii. Neither the easternmost hill nor the westernmost hill is the southernmost hill. iv. Two hills are located to the west of H2. v. The southernmost hill has at least two hills to its east. The southernmost hill is ________.

Quantitative Aptitude

As shown in the figure, circle C1 with center O1 and radius r1 touches the square VWXY at points P and Q while circle C2 with center O2 and radius r2 touches the square VWXY at points R and S. The two circles touch each other at T. Given r1 = 1 cm and VY̅̅̅̅ = VW̅̅̅̅̅ = 4 cm, r2 = _____ cm.

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

Consider the two functions f1(x) = x2-4 x-2 and f2(x) = x2 - 2x + 2. Which of the following is the value of (f1(x) + f2(x)) as x → 2 ?

Linear Algebra

Which of the following is one of the eigenvalues for the matrix given below? [3 4 4 -3]

Calculus

Which of the following functions has the highest area under the curve between x = 0 and x = 10?

Recombinant DNA technology

Cancer cells display a high level of heterogeneity in the expression of TP53 protein. Which of the following techniques can be directly used to determine the intra - tumoral heterogeneity of TP53 expression in a given tumor sample , without resorting to additional cell separation techniques?

Differential Equations

The transfer function of a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller GC(s) is given by GC(s) = KC (1 + 1 𝜏Is) where KC is the controller gain, 𝜏I is the controller integral time constant and s is the Laplace variable. The role of the integral component of the controller is to ____________.

Cell structure and signaling

Which of the following enzyme is involved in the protection of cells from reactive oxygen species?

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

In nitrogen fixation, to reduce nitrogen to ammonia , which one of the following shows the correct order of electron flow?

Downstream processing (chromatography, filtration)

For monoclonal antibody production, hypoxanthine ____________.

Bioreactor types, scale-up

Which one of the following proteins would elute third in gel filtration chromatography from a mixture of four proteins given below?

DNA replication, transcription, translation

Which one of the following antibiotics blocks protein chain elongation by preventing the action of peptidyl transferase ?

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

The catalytic efficiency of an enzyme following Michaelis -Menten kinetics is defined by

CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing

The RNA primer synthesized during bacterial DNA replication is removed by ________.

Classical Genetics and Epistasis

Match the carbohydrates in Column I with the correct glycosidic linkages involved in Column II. Column I Column II P. Amylose 1. β (1 4) Q. Sucrose 2. α (1 4) R. Amylopectin 3. α1 β2 S. Cellulose 4. α (1 4), α (1 6)

Mass transfer in bioprocesses (kLa)

The correct sequence of the four steps involved in anaerobic production of biogas from complex organics is:

Downstream processing (chromatography, filtration)

Which one of the following options represents the products of light reactions of photosynthesis in plants?

CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing

Which component of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system is NOT of natural origin?

Differential Equations

The equation d2y dx2 - y = 0 has a solution of the form y = e Ax. The value(s) of A satisfying this is/are:

Linear Algebra

Which of the following drugs inhibit(s) ATP-ADP translocase?

Linear Algebra

Which of the following is/are extra-cellular matrix protein(s)?

DNA replication, transcription, translation

BLAST and its extensions can be used to determine similarity of a query protein sequence with which of the following database(s)?

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

The mean of the following series is ______. (rounded off to three decimal places) Q.01, 0.02, 0.03, ⋯ ⋯ , 1

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

You are characterizing a new enzyme isolated and purified in the laboratory. If the maximum v elocity of the enzyme is 18 00 µmoles L -1 min-1 and the total concentration of the enzyme in the reaction mixture is 1.5 µM, then the turnover number of the enzyme is _______ s-1. (answer in integer)

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

To determine the viable cell count of a bacterial culture, 50 µL of a 100-fold diluted sample was plated onto agar medium. If 200 colonies appeared after incubation, the viable cell concentration in the original undiluted culture was ________ x 10^5 CFU/mL.

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Given below is the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) in kilo Joules per electron equivalent (kJ e-eq-1) at pH 7.0, of organic and inorganic half reactions. Acetate synthesis: 1 8 CO2 + 1 8 HCO3 - + H+ + e- → 1 8 CH3COO- + 3 8 H2O ΔG=27.4 kJ e-eq-1 Reduction reaction: 1 4 O2 + H+ + e- → 1 2 H2O ΔG= -78.72 kJ e-eq-1 The free energy change of acetate oxidation to CO2, H2O and HCO3 - is _______ kJ e-eq-1. (rounded off to two decimal places)

Mass transfer in bioprocesses (kLa)

You have purified an enzyme using a series of chromatographic methods. It was observed that a 10 µg mL-1 of this purified enzyme converted 10 mM substrate per hour at 25°C and pH 7. Its specific activity is _______ IU µg -1. (rounded off to three decimal places)

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

In the open-loop process shown in the figure, the input U(s), the transfer function Gp(s) and the output Y(s) are given in the Laplace domain in terms of the Laplace variable s. For this process, which of the following is true? (where M, 𝜏p, KP, are the magnitude of the input, the characteristic time and the gain for the process, respectively)

Cell structure and signaling

Match the immunological terms in Column I with their function/description in the Column II Column I Column II P. J gene 1. Suppresses immune system by blocking calcineurin Q. Cyclosporin 2. Antibody binding site on a large molecule R. Epitope 3. Small foreign molecule which elicits an immune response only when combined with a carrier molecule S. Hapten 4. Contributes to antibody diversity

Mass transfer in bioprocesses (kLa)

Match the genetic disorders in Column I to the corresponding underlying cause in Column II Column I Column II P. Klinefelter Syndrome 1. X-chromosome insufficiency Q. Turner syndrome 2. DNA helicase mutations R. Bloom syndrome 3. Nucleotide excision repair defects S. Xeroderma pigmentosum 4. Extra X chromosome(s) in a male

Linear Algebra

Match the biomolecules in Column I with their function given in Column II Column I Column II P. Lectins 1. Acts as ATP dependent pump to efflux out small molecules Q. P-glycoprotein 2. Targets lysosomal enzymes to their destination R. Digitoxigenin 3. Specific carbohydrate binding proteins S. Mannose 6-phosphate 4. Inhibits Na+-K+ pump

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

By elemental analysis of a biomass sample, it was found that the cells in the given sample are composed of (by weight) C=50 %, H=8%, O=20%, N=10% and ash content=12%. Which of the following is the correct empirical formula of the ash- free cells, normalized with respect to Nitrogen?

Linear Algebra

For the given matrix, which of the statements given below is/are true? [ 3 1 5 2 -1 0 5 2 9 ]

Classical Genetics and Epistasis

Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) translate to generate polypeptides and the translation terminates at the UGA, UAG or UAA stop codons. The AGA codon acts as additional stop codon in the mitochondria. The longest possible polypeptide(s) that can be hypothetically translated in the cytosol and/or mitochondria, from the given full length mRNA sequence (36 nucleotides) is/are 5'-AACACCAUGACCCAUGUGGCGAGACGGUAGUUAAAA- 3'

DNA replication, transcription, translation

The RNA sequence below depicts the part of a 330 nucleotides long mRNA and it encodes the C-terminal portion of a protein. 5'-… … … AAC ACC ACG ACC CAU GUG GCG AGA CGG UAG- 3' A mutation was identified in this RNA denoted as 322A U. This nucleotide change is represented by which of the following class(es) of mutation?

Bioreactor types, scale-up

A microbial culture is being grown in a bioreactor with continuous aeration. The dissolved oxygen probe provided with the system shows a reading of zero. In this context, which of the following inferences is/are correct?

Calculus

For a Newtonian fluid, a plot of shear stress (on Y axis) against shear rate (on X axis) will result in a straight line ________.

Bioreactor types, scale-up

In an aerobic fermentation with air sparging, which of the following options can be used to increase the volumetric mass transfer coefficient for oxygen transfer?

Bioreactor types, scale-up

For a liquid flowing in a circular cross section pipe, the transition from laminar to turbulent flow will NOT depend on which of the following factor(s)?

DNA replication, transcription, translation

Which of the following is/are posttranslational modification(s) involved in epigenetic control of gene expression?

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

For an ideal plug flow reactor, which of the following statements is/are true?

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

An enzyme-catalyzed reaction is found to have ∆G = -100 kJ mol-1. Which of the following statements about this reaction is/are true?

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

Consider the equation dy dx = 1 x The value of the integral ∫ dy 2 1 using trapezoidal method and interval ℎ = 0.25 is ________. (rounded off to two decimal places)

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

If the straight lines given by the following two equations are parallel to each other, the value of a is _____. (answer in integer) 4x + 7y = 6; 3𝒂x + 42y = 24

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

A straight line y = x - 1 intersects a circle with center at x = 1, y = 1 and radius of magnitude 1 at two points. The length of the chord formed by this intersection is _______. (rounded off to three decimal places)

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

A heat exchanger during operation in a bioprocess has a steady temperature of 90 oC. After completion of its operation, it was shut down and it was observed that the rate of decrease of temperature at any time was directly proportional to the difference T(t) - 30 oC, where T(t) denotes temperature at time t. It was observed that it took 30 min for the temperature to drop to 70 oC. The temperature after 51.5 min will be_________ oC. (rounded off to the nearest integer)

Bioreactor types, scale-up

A microbial culture (following Monod model for growth) has a maximum specific growth rate of 0.1 h -1, Monod constant of 1 mg L -1 and endogenous decay rate of Q.1 day-1. At limiting substrate concentration of 23 g L-1, the net specific growth rate will be ________day-1. (rounded off to one decimal place)

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

A CSTR with a volume of 100 m3 is operated in cell recycle mode. At a volumetric flow rate of 10 m3 day-1 and effluent biomass of 20 mg L-1, the steady state biomass concentration is 200 mg L-1. The mean cell retention time in the reactor is ____ days. (answer in integer)

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

The electron equivalent per liter (e -eq L-1) of acetate ion solution of concentration 10 g L-1 is _______ e-eq L-1. (rounded off to one decimal place)

Differential Equations

From the following plot of dy dx versus x and if y(2) = 5, the value of y(3) is ________. (rounded off to one decimal place)

Media Sterilization and Stoichiometry

A batch sterilizer is being operated at 121 oC for sterilizing a medium containing microbial cells. Assume that the thermal deactivation of cells is a first order process with a death rate constant of 0.69 min-1 at 121 oC. If the initial concentration of microbes in the medium is 1010 cells m-3, the time taken to reduce the microbial load to a final concentration of 10 cells m-3 is _________ min. (rounded off to the nearest integer)

Mass transfer in bioprocesses (kLa)

A substrate is consumed in a zero order reaction such that its concentration falls from 42 g L-1 to 14 g L-1 in 4 hours. The total time taken for complete utilization of substrate will be ________ hours. (answer in integer)

Bioreactor types, scale-up

A microbe that follows Monod growth kinetics on a limiting substrate (maximum specific growth rate of 0.5 h -1 and Monod constant of 0.1 mg L-1) is cultivated in a continuous reactor for microbial growth (chemostat) with sterile feed. Given that the chemostat volume is 5 L and inlet concentration of limiting substrate is 10 g L-1, the minimum inlet feed flow rate for chemostat washout is ______ L h-1. (rounded off to one decimal place)

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

It is desired to cultivate 150 mg (dry weight) microbial cells with an empirical formula of C 5H7O2N. If the phosphorus requirement for the cells is 20% of the nitrogen requirement (on a weight/weight basis), the minimum amount of phosphorous required to be added to the cultivation medium is ________ mg. (rounded off to one decimal place) 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 x

Mass transfer in bioprocesses (kLa)

In the process of generating a clonal mammalian cell line, a single cell was seeded in a well of a cell culture plate. After the first 48 hours, one of the progeny cells underwent apoptosis due to a new mutation. If the doubling time of the cells is 24 hours and no more cell death occurs, the total number of cells after a total of 7 days from seeding will be ______. (answer in integer)

Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics

A disease-associated allele shows X-linked recessive inheritance. If the mother is a carrier of the disease, the father is genetically normal and the child born is a son, then the probability that he is born with the disease is _______. (rounded off to one decimal place)

Bioreactor types, scale-up

A packed bed bioreactor with length 1 m and inside diameter 10 cm has liquid flowing at an interstitial velocity of 1 cm s -1. Given a volumetric flow rate of Q.025 L s -1, the void frac tion of the packed bed is _____ _. ( rounded off to two decimal places) END OF QUESTION PAPER