A smart city integrates all modes of transport, uses clean energy and promotes sustainable use of
resources. It also uses technology to ensure safety and security of the city, something which critics
argue, will lead to a surveillance state.
Which of the following can be logically inferred from the above paragraph?
(i)
All smart cities encourage the formation of surveillance states.
(ii)
Surveillance is an integral part of a smart city.
(iii)
Sustainability and surveillance go hand in hand in a smart city.
(iv)
There is a perception that smart cities promote surveillance.
Options:
(A) Across the outer membrane of mitochondria and across the inner membrane of chloroplast
(B) Across the inner membrane of mitochondria and across the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast
(C) Within the matrix of mitochondria and across the inner membrane of chloroplast
(D) Within the matrix of mitochondria and within the stroma of chloroplast
Official Answer Key:
C
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
### **Official Solution & Step-by-Step Derivation (GATE BT 2016 Q.07)**
**1. Governing Concept & Question Classification**:
- **Section**: General Aptitude (GA)
- **Question Type**: **MCQ** (2 Marks)
- **Topic**: Reading Comprehension & Critical Reasoning (Logical Inference)
**2. Detailed Step-by-Step Analysis**:
- The passage states:
*“A smart city integrates all modes of transport, uses clean energy and promotes sustainable use of resources. It also uses technology to ensure safety and security of the city, something which critics argue, will lead to a surveillance state.”*
- Let us evaluate the statements:
- Statement (i): *“All smart cities encourage the formation of surveillance states.”* This is an unjustified overgeneralization. The text only states that *critics argue* that security technology will lead to a surveillance state, not that smart cities intentionally encourage surveillance states.
- Statement (ii): *“Surveillance is an integral part of a smart city.”* The text mentions "technology to ensure safety and security," not that surveillance itself is an integral goal.
- Statement (iii): *“Sustainability and surveillance go hand in hand in a smart city.”* The text does not link sustainability to surveillance.
- Statement (iv): *“There is a perception that smart cities promote surveillance.”* This is directly supported by the phrase *“...something which critics argue, will lead to a surveillance state.”* An argument raised by critics represents a perception/viewpoint.
- Therefore, **(iv) only** can be logically inferred.
- **Option-by-Option Evaluation**:
- **Option (A) [INCORRECT]**: Statement (i) is an extreme generalization.
- **Option (B) [INCORRECT]**: Neither (ii) nor (iii) is stated in the text.
- **Option (C) [CORRECT]**: Statement (iv) accurately reflects the critics' perception described in the passage.
- **Option (D) [INCORRECT]**: Statement (i) is unsupported.
**3. Final Answer / Verification Summary**:
- **Official GATE Answer Key**: **C**
- **Scoring Criteria**: +2.0 Marks (Negative marking: -0.67 marks).
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