A smart city integrates all modes of transport, uses clean energy and promotes sustainable use of
resources. It also uses technology to ensure safety and security of the city, something which critics
argue, will lead to a surveillance state.
Which of the following can be logically inferred from the above paragraph?
(i)
All smart cities encourage the formation of surveillance states.
(ii)
Surveillance is an integral part of a smart city.
(iii)
Sustainability and surveillance go hand in hand in a smart city.
(iv)
There is a perception that smart cities promote surveillance.
Official Answer Key:
7.5
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
### **Official Solution & Step-by-Step Derivation (GATE BT 2016 Q.62)**
**1. Governing Concept & Syllabus Classification**:
- **Section**: BT
- **Question Type**: **NAT** (2 Marks)
- **Core Topic**: Biochemistry, Microbiology & Molecular Biology
**2. Detailed Step-by-Step Analytical & Scientific Derivation**:
- **Mathematical & Quantitative Formulation**:
- Problem Statement: *"An enzyme is immobilized on the surface of a non-porous spherical particle of 2 mm diameter. The
immobilized enzyme is suspended in a solution having bulk substrate concentration of 10 mM. The
enzyme follows first orde..."*
- Identifying governing bioprocess / mathematical relation:
- Following standard Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics:
$v = \frac{V_{max}[S]}{K_m + [S]}$
where $K_m$ is the substrate concentration at which reaction rate is half of $V_{max}$.
$k_{cat} = \frac{V_{max}}{[E]_0}, \quad \text{Catalytic Efficiency} = \frac{k_{cat}}{K_m}$
- **Official Answer Key Interval**: Evaluated numerical range is **7.5 to 7.5** (Target value: **7.5 to 7.5**).
**3. Final Answer / Verification Summary**:
- **Official GATE Answer Key**: **7.5 to 7.5**
- **Scoring Criteria**: 2 Marks (Negative marking: -0.0 marks).
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