Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology
DNA replication, transcription, translation
Subtopic: Fundamentals of DNA replication, transcription, translation
Question Statement:
Match the types of RNA in Group I with their corresponding function in Group II.
Group I Group II
P. mRNA 1. Serves as adaptors between mRNA and
amino acids during protein synthesis
Q. rRNA 2. Regulates post-transcriptional gene
expression
R. miRNA 3. Codes for proteins
S. tRNA 4. Forms the core of the ribosome structure and
catalyzes protein synthesis
Options:
(A) P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1
(B) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2
(C) P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1
(D) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3
Official Answer Key:
A
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
### **Official Solution & Concept Analysis (GATE BT 2023 Q.25)**
**1. Governing Concept**:
- **Topic**: Molecular Biology & RNA Classification
- Matching RNA types with canonical functions:
- **P. mRNA** $\rightarrow$ Carries genetic information transcribed from DNA; **codes for proteins** $\rightarrow$ **3**
- **Q. rRNA** $\rightarrow$ **Forms the catalytic peptidyl transferase core** and structural scaffold of the ribosome $\rightarrow$ **4**
- **R. miRNA** $\rightarrow$ Small non-coding RNA that **regulates post-transcriptional gene expression** via mRNA cleavage or translational repression $\rightarrow$ **2**
- **S. tRNA** $\rightarrow$ **Serves as adaptors** between mRNA codons and incoming amino acids during translation $\rightarrow$ **1**
**2. Option Analysis**:
- **Option (A) [P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1] is CORRECT**: Every RNA class is paired with its precise biological function.
- **Option (B) is INCORRECT**: Reverses miRNA and tRNA functions.
- **Option (C) is INCORRECT**: Swaps mRNA and rRNA roles.
- **Option (D) is INCORRECT**: Distorts all functional assignments.
**3. Final Answer**:
- **Correct Choice**: **A**
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