GATE BT 2022 • Q53
MSQ • 2 Marks
Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology
Recombinant DNA technology
Subtopic: Fundamentals of Recombinant DNA technology
Question Statement:
Introduction of foreign genes into plant cells can be carried out using
Options:
-
(A) Agrobacterium
-
(B) CaCl2 mediated plasmid uptake
-
(C) Electroporation
-
(D) Gene gun
Official Answer Key:
A;C;D
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
### **Official Solution & Concept Analysis (GATE BT 2022 Q.53)**
**1. Governing Concept**:
- **Topic**: Plant Biotechnology & Transgenic Plant Generation
- Foreign genes can be introduced into plant genomes using:
- Biological vectors: *Agrobacterium tumefaciens* (disarmed binary vectors).
- Physical / chemical direct methods: Biolistics (particle gun), Electroporation, Polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment of protoplasts, Microinjection.
**2. Option Analysis**:
- **Option (A) [Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer] is CORRECT**: The most widely utilized biological vector system for plant genetic engineering.
- **Option (B) is INCORRECT**: Transduction by bacteriophage $\lambda$ is specific to *E. coli*, not plant cells.
- **Option (C) [Biolistic particle delivery] is CORRECT**: Universal physical gene transfer method for monocots and plastid transformation.
- **Option (D) [Electroporation of protoplasts] is CORRECT**: Established direct transformation technique for plant protoplasts.
**3. Final Answer**:
- **Correct Options**: **A, C, D**
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