GATE BT 2021 • Q29
MSQ • 1 Mark
Section 4: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology
Downstream processing (chromatography, filtration)
Subtopic: Fundamentals of Downstream processing (chromatography, filtration)
Question Statement:
Which of the following cell organelles) is/are surrounded by a single
phospholipid membrane?
Options:
-
(A) Golgi apparatus
-
(B) Lysosome
-
(C) Mitochondria
-
(D) Nucleus
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
### **Official Solution & Concept Analysis (GATE BT 2021 Q.29)**
**1. Governing Concept**:
- **Topic**: Cell Biology & Organellar Membrane Architecture
- Eukaryotic organelles exhibit distinct membrane organizations:
- **Single Phospholipid Bilayer Membrane**: Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, **Lysosomes**, **Peroxisomes**, Vacuoles, Endosomes.
- **Double Phospholipid Bilayer Membranes**: **Mitochondria**, **Chloroplasts / Plastids**, **Nucleus** (nuclear envelope with inner and outer membranes).
- **Non-Membrane Bound**: Ribosomes, Proteasomes, Centrosomes, Nucleolus.
**2. Option Analysis**:
- **Option (A) [Lysosome] is CORRECT**: Enclosed by a single limiting phospholipid bilayer membrane containing lumenal acid hydrolases.
- **Option (B) [Peroxisome] is CORRECT**: Surrounded by a single phospholipid membrane enclosing catalase and urate oxidase.
- **Option (C) [Mitochondrion] is INCORRECT**: Bound by two distinct membranes: outer mitochondrial membrane and inner cristae-forming membrane.
- **Option (D) [Nucleus] is INCORRECT**: Enclosed by a double-membrane nuclear envelope separated by a perinuclear space.
**3. Final Answer**:
- **Correct Options**: **A, B**
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