Subtopic: Fundamentals of Biomolecules, enzyme kinetics
Question Statement:
Group I lists spectroscopic methods and Group II lists biomolecular applications of these
methods. Match the methods in Group I with the applications in Group П.
P. Infrared
Group I
Group III
1. Identification of functional groups
Q. Circular Dichroism
2. Determination of secondary structure
R. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
4. Determination of 3-D structure
3. Estimation of molecular weight
Options:
(A) P-4, Q-3, R-1
(B) P-2, Q-1, R-3
(C) P-1, Q-2, R-4
(D) P-3, Q-2, R-4
Official Answer Key:
C
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
### **Official Solution & Concept Analysis (GATE BT 2019 Q.42)**
**1. Governing Concept**:
- **Topic**: Biophysical Techniques & Spectroscopy Applications
- Matching spectroscopic methods with macromolecular structural properties:
- **Circular Dichroism (CD)** $\rightarrow$ Secondary structure ($\alpha$-helix, $\beta$-sheet) quantification.
- **Fluorescence spectroscopy** (tryptophan/tyrosine emission) $\rightarrow$ Local tertiary microenvironment and solvent accessibility.
- **Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy** $\rightarrow$ Amide vibrational modes and secondary structure.
- **NMR spectroscopy** $\rightarrow$ Atomic-resolution tertiary fold and dynamic residue contacts.
**2. Option Analysis**:
- **Option (A) is INCORRECT**: Misassigns fluorescence spectroscopy.
- **Option (B) is INCORRECT**: Misidentifies CD structural target.
- **Option (C) is CORRECT**: Matches all spectroscopic techniques with their diagnostic macromolecular applications.
- **Option (D) is INCORRECT**: Swaps secondary and tertiary structural probes.
**3. Final Answer**:
- **Correct Choice**: **C**
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