Match the industrial products mentioned in Group I with their producer organisms in
Group II
Group I
Group II
P. Citric acid 1. Trichoderma viride
Q. Cellulase
2. Clostridium acetobutylicum
R. Vitamin B12 3. Aspergillus niger
S. Butanol
4. Propionibacterium freudenreichii
Options:
(A) P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2
(B) P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4
(C) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3
(D) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2
Official Answer Key:
D
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
### **Official Solution & Step-by-Step Derivation (GATE BT 2018 Q.49)**
**1. Governing Concept & Question Classification**:
- **Section**: BT
- **Question Type**: **MCQ** (2 Marks)
- **Topic**: Industrial Microbiology & Bioprocess Technology (Commercial Microbial Producers)
**2. Detailed Step-by-Step Analysis**:
- Let us match each commercial product in Group I with its industrial production organism in Group II:
- **P. Citric acid**: Produced industrially by aerobic submerged fungal fermentation of sucrose/molasses using **Aspergillus niger** (overflow of the TCA cycle due to trace iron limitation). $\implies$ **P matches 3**.
- **Q. Cellulase**: Produced industrially for biomass saccharification and textile processing by the filamentous fungus **Trichoderma viride** (or *Trichoderma reesei*). $\implies$ **Q matches 1**.
- **R. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)**: Produced industrially by bacterial fermentation using **Propionibacterium freudenreichii** (or *Pseudomonas denitrificans*). $\implies$ **R matches 4**.
- **S. Butanol**: Produced via acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation under anaerobic conditions by **Clostridium acetobutylicum**. $\implies$ **S matches 2**.
- Matching summary: **P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2**.
- **Option-by-Option Evaluation**:
- **Option (A) [INCORRECT]**: Matches Citric acid to Propionibacterium.
- **Option (B) [INCORRECT]**: Matches Vitamin B12 to Clostridium.
- **Option (C) [INCORRECT]**: Matches Citric acid to Clostridium.
- **Option (D) [CORRECT]**: P-3 (Citric acid - *A. niger*), Q-1 (Cellulase - *T. viride*), R-4 (Vitamin B12 - *P. freudenreichii*), S-2 (Butanol - *C. acetobutylicum*).
**3. Final Answer / Verification Summary**:
- **Official GATE Answer Key**: **D**
- **Scoring Criteria**: +2.0 Marks (Negative marking: -0.67 marks).
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