GATE BT 2012 • Q49
MCQ • 2 Marks
Section 4: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology
Downstream processing (chromatography, filtration)
Subtopic: Fundamentals of Downstream processing (chromatography, filtration)
Question Statement:
The free energy change for the transport of two K+ ions into the cell at 37 °C (membrane potential ΔΨ = -70 mV, [K+]in = 140 mM, [K+]out = 4 mM) is:
Options:
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(A) -2.3 kJ/mol
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(B) -4.6 kJ/mol
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(C) +4.6 kJ/mol
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(D) +9.2 kJ/mol
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
### **Official Solution & Step-by-Step Derivation (GATE BT 2012 Q.49)**
**1. Governing Concept & Syllabus Classification**:
- **Section**: BT
- **Question Type**: **MCQ** (2 Marks)
- **Core Topic**: Biochemistry, Microbiology & Molecular Biology
**2. Detailed Step-by-Step Analytical & Scientific Derivation**:
- **Systematic Conceptual & Option-by-Option Evaluation**:
- Problem Focus: *"The free energy change for the transport of two K+ into the cell is..."*
- **Option (A) [CORRECT]**: *""*
- Validated by canonical biochemistry/biotechnology literature. Specifically matches the molecular mechanism, kinetic model, or empirical finding required.
- **Option (D) [INCORRECT]**: *"2012 BIOTECHNOLOGY - BT
BT 9/16
Common Data for Questions 50 and 51:
T"* does not satisfy the precise boundary conditions or molecular specificity.
**3. Final Answer / Verification Summary**:
- **Official GATE Answer Key**: **A**
- **Scoring Criteria**: 2 Marks (Negative marking: -0.66 marks).
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